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Month: August 2025

Young Adult Melanoma Survivors and Family Member Skin Exams

Young Adult Melanoma Survivors and Family Member Skin Exams

Dr. David Buller, Director of Research at Klein Buendel, is a coauthor on a paper entitled, “Engagement in and correlates of total cutaneous exams and skin self-exams among young melanoma survivors and their family,” in the Journal of Behavioral Medicine.

Young adult melanoma survivors and their close family (first-degree relatives) are at increased risk for developing a melanoma. However, little is known about engagement in and correlates of their clinical skin examination and skin self-examination behaviors. Five hundred and seventy-four (574) young adult melanoma survivors and their first-degree relatives completed an online survey assessing engagement in clinical skin exam and skin self-exam. The survey also included measures of background factors, cognitive and psychosocial factors, clinical skin exam and skin self-exam planning, and family influences.

About 90% of young adults had a clinical skin exam and 90% performed skin self-examination in the last year. Engagement in clinical skin exams among first-degree relatives was lower. Being female, having a physician recommendation, having fewer barriers, and more planning were associated with clinical skin exams. Family influences were not associated with clinical skin exam. For skin self-exams, a physician recommendation and greater self-efficacy were associated with engagement. More comprehensive skin self-examination was associated with a physician recommendation, lower education, greater self-efficacy, and more planning. Stronger family normative influences were associated with more comprehensive skin self-exams among males.

Findings suggest that first-degree relatives may benefit from interventions to improve clinical skin exams and skin self-exams. These results also show that physician recommendation may be a key intervention target to stimulate clinical skin exams and skin self-exams. Examinations are vital for the early detection and effective treatment of melanoma. Details on the significance, methods, analyses, and results of the research may be found in the Journal of Behavioral Medicine manuscript.

This research was supported by a grant from the National Cancer Institute to the Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey at Rutgers University (CA221854; Dr. Sharon Manne, Principal Investigator). Coauthors include Dr. Carolyn Heckman, Dr. Adam Berger, Sara Frederick, Alexandria Kulik, and Morgan Pesanelli from Rutgers University; Dr. Deborah Kashy from Michigan State University; Dr. Sherry Pagoto from the University of Connecticut; Dr. Susan Peterson from the University of Texas; Joseph Gallo from Hackensack Meridian Jersey Shore Medical Center; and Dr. David Buller from Klein Buendel.

MobileMen and mHealth

MobileMen and mHealth

Ms. Amanda Brice, Klein Buendel Project Coordinator, is the lead author on a research paper published in the journal mHealth. The paper reports on the development of MobileMen, a mobile app to promote physical activity in African American men.

African American men experience higher rates of chronic diseases including diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and obesity compared to other race and gender groups. This population also has high levels of inactivity, one of the major risk facts for chronic disease. Due to the promise shown by mobile apps in providing tailored and easily accessible health interventions, the authors set out to design an app to help African American men initiate and maintain their physical activity.

The research team conducted focus groups with 24 African American men to gain insight on the features and design aspects to include in the app prototype. They then used an iterative design process to conduct multiple rounds of beta and usability testing to create a prototype that was easy to use, visually pleasing, and culturally tailored. A satisfaction and helpfulness questionnaire and the System Usability Scale (SUS) were used as quantitative measures in addition to qualitative data provided by participants. Tasks were given to participants to test for ability to navigate and use the app features.

The average satisfaction and helpfulness ratings from participants were 3.9/5 and 3.7/5 for beta testing and 4.3/5 and 4.1/5 for usability testing, which met the pre-determined criteria of ≥3.5. Only one of the satisfaction questions, which was about cultural tailoring for African American men, was below the pre-determined criteria (2.7). By round two of usability testing, most tasks were able to be completed by all participants, and the mean SUS score was 90.36 out of 100 which exceeded a priori feasibility criterion of a mean rating of 68.0. The feedback on the finalized features was positive, and participants expressed that they would use the app if it were on the market.

Based on both the qualitative and quantitative data obtained from multiple iterative design rounds, the MobileMen app was easy to use and contained culturally tailored features. It was well received by the target population and deemed ready to be tested on a larger scale for effectiveness. Full descriptions of the methods, analyses, and findings can be found in the mHealth paper.

This research is funded by an STTR Fast Track grant to Klein Buendel from the National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities (MD014947). The Principal Investigator is Dr. Robert Newton from the Pennington Biomedical Research Center. Authors on this paper include Amanda Brice, Steve Fullmer, Charles Barger, Joel Serbinski, Michael Gallik, Dr. David Buller, and Dr. Kayla Nuss from Klein Buendel; Phillip Nauta, and Dr. Robert Newton from the Pennington Biomedical Research Center; Dr. April Stull from Baylor University; Dr. Damon Swift from the University of Virginia; and Dr. Derek Griffith from the University of Pennsylvania. The MobileMen app was designed and programmed by the Klein Buendel Creative Team.

No Weigh!

No Weigh!

Klein Buendel Scientist, Dr. Kayla Nuss, has launched a new research project, funded by the National Institute of Diabetes, Digestive and Kidney Diseases. It will test a novel approach to physical activity promotion. The proposed intervention, NoWeigh!, is a mobile app based on a framework called body neutrality. Body neutrality emphasizes gratitude for the body’s function, a neutral attitude about the body’s appearance, and engagement in movement that is enjoyable, rather than weight loss.

Obesity rates are on the rise in the United States. Weight loss has been the primary recommendation for managing comorbidities with obesity, such as elevated blood lipids and glucose, despite ample evidence that weight loss attempts generally lead to weight regain and weight cycling, which are associated with negative mental health outcomes like anxiety and depression. Experts have called for non-weight loss obesity management, by emphasizing health behaviors such as physical activity. An effective method to deliver physical activity interventions is via mobile apps, of which women are the most frequent users. However, most physical activity apps emphasize weight loss.

The goal of the new Phase I SBIR project is to demonstrate the technical merit and feasibility of developing a smartphone mobile app (NoWeigh!) to support physical activity engagement using the tenants of body neutrality and Self-Determination Theory as frameworks. Mobile health (mHealth) approaches using smartphones offer several advantages for dissemination and implementation of health interventions including that they are portable, typically “on,” readily available, affordable, and offer advanced functionality. In addition, ownership of smartphones among adults is high, enabling potentially vast reach and apps have been shown to improve uptake of, and adherence to, healthy lifestyle strategies.

Project Specific Aims

Aim 1: Perform iterative focus groups in adult women (aged ≥18 years) from diverse backgrounds to collect potential-user information to identify barriers, needs and preferences for a body-neutrality physical activity app design.

Aim 2: Design the conceptual model and develop planned components of the NoWeigh! app which will include storyboards and clickable wireframes.

Aim 3: Conduct beta and usability testing on the clickable wireframes prototype of the NoWeigh! app to show feasibility, acceptability and potential for engagement, and finalize the app design.

Successful completion of Phase I SBIR research will provide evidence to support a larger Phase II project to program and test the full-scale NoWeigh! app in a randomized comparative effectiveness trial. The goal is to produce a commercially ready mobile app for physical activity promotion that does not center on weight loss, a cost-effective lifestyle intervention for decreasing disease risk and reducing healthcare costs. This mHealth approach is an ideal medium for physical activity promotion because the reach, portability, and advanced functionality of mHealth devices allows for effective use by a broad range of adult women.

This grant was awarded to Klein Buendel by the National Institute of Diabetes, Digestive and Kidney Diseases (DK142209; Dr. Kayla Nuss, Principal Investigator). Dr. Nuss’ research collaborator on this project is Anne Poirier. She is the owner of a body neutrality coaching company and the author of the book, The Body Joyful, a guide to a life based on self-care and compassion. The NoWeigh! app will be designed and programmed by the Creative Team at Klein Buendel.